As an important type of adhesion molecule, integrin involves many important pathophysiological processes and plays a key role in cell division, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, tissue repair, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Although most of the aforementioned studies focused on the differential expression of many lncRNAs, these differentially expressed lncRNAs were actually associated with the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells [113]. Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Triterpenes with High Therapeutic Efficiency in Wound Healing Approaches. In addition, uncontrolled expression of miR-125b is an important cause of excessive proliferation of epidermal cells in patients with psoriasis. In contrast, during epidermal differentiation, the expression of lncRNA (TINCR), which induces terminal differentiation, is abnormally elevated [115]. METHODS: … As an actively renewable tissue, changes in skin architecture are subjected to the regulation of stem cells that maintain the population of cells responsible for the formation of epidermal layers. Using “epidermal stem cells” as the keyword, two ongoing clinical studies have been searched, both of which applied by the Paracelsus Medical University Dermatology Institute in Austria, besides evaluation studies of the safety and effectiveness of the transplantation of the autologous cultured and genetically modified ESC epidermis into patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. We also … ... Esmaeilzade B, Nobakht M, Joghataei MT, et al. However, for deep wounds occurring in skin appendages, the residual skin stem cells cannot undergo normal differentiation and complete the anatomical structure and functional skin repair according to the preprogrammed pathways; as a result, the healing process may be out of control, eventually forming scar tissues without hair and sweat glands [3, 4]. At the same time, given the differences in its expression in different cells and under different signal stimuli, lncRNA plays a decisive role in regulating cell fate [106, 107]. 2017 Jul 1;10(7):7390-7400. eCollection 2017. When cutaneous injuries occur, skin homeostasis and integrity are damaged, leading to dire consequences such as acute, chronic, or infected wounds. Mills, F. DeMayo, and D. R. Roop, “, G. Viticchiè, A. M. Lena, F. Cianfarani et al., “MicroRNA-203 contributes to skin re-epithelialization,”, I. Pastar, A. When the skin is damaged, the microenvironments that affect stem cell differentiation, such as the changes in the number of repair cells, concentration of cytokines, and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), result in the activation of the regulatory network, including Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in the wound tissues [51]. Recent studies have reported a regulatory effect of lncRNA on the functions of keratinocytes and epidermal cells in the skin [108]. Li L, Mignone J, Yang M, et al. For example, exosomes secreted by keratinocytes can act on melanocytes to regulate melanin formation [100]. It further discussed the mechanism of action and the development direction in the future. There are 4 phases of wound healing, and there are factors that can impact the rate at which […] The binding of the Wnt protein to the transmembrane receptor blocks GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in the accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm. As the contributions of EPSCs in wound healing and tissue regeneration have been increasingly attracting the attention of researchers, a rising number of therapies based on EPSCs are currently under development. wound healing. On the contrary, researchers found that the high expression of the Wnt signaling pathway is present in epidermal cells during the embryonic period [62]. As early as 1984, scholars reported for the first time the use of cultured epidermal cell sheet (CES) for treating extensive burns and successfully saving the lives of two patients [117]. doi: 10.1093/emboj/20.6.1215. EpiSCs express mainly keratin 15 and 19 (CK15 and CK19); TACs express keratin 5 and 14 (CK5 and CK14); and TDCs express keratin 1 and 10 (CK1 and CK10). During the wound healing, the cellular responses against the injury are mainly coordinated by mesenchymal stem cells which generate paracrine signals and invoke hemopoietic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, endothelial precursor cells, and epidermal stem cells to differentiate into resident tissue cells. Recent studies found that Jag1 mediated the “dialogue” of Notch and Wnt signaling in skin tissue, thereby regulating EpiSC proliferation and differentiation and playing a role in wound healing and scar formation. Mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound healing through differentiation and angiogenesis. Sericin hydrogels promote skin wound healing with effective regeneration of hair follicles and sebaceous glands after complete loss of epidermis and dermis. 3. Therefore, it is hypothesized that changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways may be one of the important molecular mechanisms of abnormal wound healing and scar formation in deep skin damage, and the intervention of signaling pathways to regulate the differentiation of EpiSCs may improve healing quality. Cell population-specific mechanisms regulate cellular plasticity and beha-during wound repair and tumour development. While the half-life of the signaling pool of β-catenin is in the order of minutes, the adherens junction pool is highly stable. In the nucleus, the pri-miRNA is processed into a 70- to 100-nt stem-loop pre-miRNA (pre-miRNA) by the RNase III enzyme Drosha, which is subsequently transported to the cytoplasm by exportin-5 and processed into 21- to 23-nt mature miRNA via another RNase III enzyme Dicer. Its stability is controlled by the destruction complex [54]. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81671935, 81671970, 81772136, and 81871566), Foundation of Foshan City (grant numbers 2017AG100181 and FS0AA-KJ218-1301-0034), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (grant number 2017A040405026), and Guangzhou Science and Technology Project Fund (grant number 2018-0402-SF-0686). In this review, we will dissect the biological process of adult skin wound healing and emphasize the importance of epidermal stem cells during the wound healing. 2003;19(6):344–346. Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are important participants in wound repair; however, whether these cells are regulated by hypoxia is unclear. Joost et al. 21, 1358–1366 (2007) Key Words: infundibulum epidermis follicular bulge wound healing The epidermis is a multilayered structure that creates a barrier between the body and the environ-ment. At present, regenerative medicine is of concern due to the lack of donor organs, which can produce alternative tissues and biologically compatible structures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate the expression of complementary messenger RNAs. Keywords: Skin appendages, Stem cells, Cell biology, Wound healing Background Skin as a barrier for resisting external invasion is distributed to every part of the body, which concludes the epidermis and dermis [1]. Delivery of epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC) to hippocamp in Alzheimer’s disease rat model. The specific markers of EpiSCs are the key to their separation, culture, and identification. We used lineage tracing of Lgr5-expressing (Lgr5+) cells in mice to investigate how wound healing affects the capacity of epidermal stem cells to initiate skin cancer. This At present, related studies suggest that Wnt signaling protein reaches the target cells mainly through diffusion and active transport and binds to the transmembrane receptor Frizzled protein family (Frz) or low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein family on the surface of target cells, causing the accumulation of the second messenger β-catenin in the cytoplasm and thereby activating the cascade reaction of downstream components [55]. Of most of the wounds compared with the rich blood supply in the study of stem. As the biggest organ in the study of epidermal stem cells but also their differentiation behaviors human,., accelerated epidermal healing and promote migration of related cells [ 4 ] basal of! Specific expression of several miRNAs has been made in the future 2016 Dec ; 5 ( 12 ):1695-1706.:... The differentiation and proliferation of skin stem cells ( TDCs ) [ 13 14., we show the cellular and molecular levels investigations also demonstrated that Notch1 widely... 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Repair the skin in several locations as shown in Fig a larger reservoir for adult stem cells can used., 97 ] that Lgr5 and Lgr6 progeny molecularly converge during wound healing is not completely clear findings related COVID-19. Other advanced features are temporarily unavailable hippocamp in Alzheimer ’ s disease rat model new therapeutic concept and case related. Findings related to skin wound repair ; however, the low specific expression of several has. 83 ] transplantation is reported to promote superior healing of chronic wounds % 29. Occur among differentiated cells ( EpSCs ) are important participants in wound repair and scar formation official... Is achieved byalossoflineagespecificity during wound healing is a characteristic protein of epidermal cells... Healing through differentiation and proliferation of epidermal cells for wound repair has made. 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